WALLEYE BIOLOGY
by Dale Hainer
TFN Reporter
If it's battling an open
water King Salmon, we can talk. If you prefer the subtle approach needed
for stream Speckled Trout, we can talk. If you get a real kick out of explosive
surface fishing for Largemouth Bass, we can talk. If you whole-heartedly
love to fish Walleye anytime and anywhere, we should live together!
It's no secret. Walleye,
or more commonly known to us Canucks as Yellow Pickerel, always have been
and I would guess always will be the number one sought after gamefish species
in Canada. What is it about ol' "Marble-eyes" that makes him so popular?
Beside the fact that he inhabits nearly every body of water in Ontario
and usually in great numbers, the clearest point remains that your tastebuds
are in for a Monterey Rock Festival when it comes "chow-tyme".
It's not surprising that
our Walleye are tops on the lists of personal food sources. His closest
biological cousin is the perch. Everyone likes perch, don't they? One good
thing that this fish does have going for him is the fact that he is the
largest member of the perch family growing to a world caught record size
of 25 pounds. Every year anglers in Ontario enter fish over 15 pounds in
the provincial Molsons Big Fish Contest.
A treat to eat and a treat
to catch but how, when and where? Seasonally, the Walleye can be caught
with consistency through the entire calendar. The only limitations are
specific areas that put a season on the fish. Check the free written summary
of sportfishing regulations before you go out on any water if you're not
sure. In Southwestern Ontario, we have the luxury of a no-closed season
which allows us to chase those tasty critters through the four seasons.
More specifically, Walleye
are generally easier to catch during the low light periods of the day.
The first two hours and last few hours of daylight have always been my
best times. Many anglers fold up their tackle boxes at dark and must figure
the fish do the same. Many species do go neutral at night, but not this
guy. As a matter of fact during the summer months, Mr Walleye much prefers
to take his feeding frenzies long after dark.
Walleye are named for their
large eyes complete with fixed pupils which allow a maximum amount of light
to enter the eye. Because the fish has no way of controlling the amount
of light entering his eyes we find that this fish seeks out deep water
or thick weeds to compensate the brilliant sunlight encountered during
mid-day.
The exceptions to this rule
is the effects of a cloudy day or the amount of snow cover on the ice if
you are winter fishing. This acts as a barrier from the brightness.
The other time that you may
encounter fish feeding heavily at mid-day would be in the late spring as
water temperatures are still warming up and the fish are recuperating from
their spring spawning rituals. Many times during the month of May on Lake
St Clair we catch most of our fish in the early afternoon. If you use a
temperature probe, you will find the probability that the water has warmed
a few degrees with the intense sunlight. This will trigger the fish to
feed as their metabolism depends largely on the temperature of their watery
world. Remember, they are cold blooded!
It has been written so many
times that if you can find Mr Fish, you can catch him. None is the truer
when it comes to this fellow. Where do you even begin to look for the Walleye
population in any given lake? Firstly, one must consider the seasonal movements
of fish. That's all I say for now in brief.
They spend their summers
in water depths 20 - 50 feet depending on the food source of the lake.
If smelt are prominent in the lake, then look for the smelt or a favorable
temperature around 54 degrees. If shiner minnows are the base forage then
turn your attentions to sunken rock islands, mid-lake humps, sand bars
and weedlines. A good hydrographic type chart of the lake will point out
all the optimum spots.
If you are fishing a river
from shore you can expect the fish to be moving along the sharpest drop-off.
Some form of structure (weeds, rocks, etc.) is extremely beneficial as
well.
If you are making your efforts
from a boat, some type of underwater eyes in the form of an electronic
flasher, LCD, graph or video monitor will help you locate those under water
fish houses. I grew up using an electronic flasher and am very comfortable
with them now. I presently own both a flasher and an LCD which offers a
little more visually.
Whatever form of electronic
underwater vision you go with, concentrate your efforts on finding good
structure not fish. If you can find fish with any of the above, consider
it a bonus. They will visually record any fish that may happen to be directly
in line with your signal sounding transducer but in most cases you can
drive around the lake all day and not mark a single fish.
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